INSEAD Library

Includes bibliographical references and index and glossary

Digitized

The Human Side of Organizations Contents Applications xiii xv xvi xxiii Experiential Exercises To the Instructor To the Reader Part One Humans Are People 1 2 Chapter 1 An Introduction to Human Relationships in Organizations: 1 + 1 = Organization Organizations and Human Behavior 5 A Small Dose of OB History 8 A Box of Interest: Farmers Have Left the Soil 8 Individual and Organizational Needs 11 The Organizational Culture 12 Decision Making in Organizations 13 A Box of Interest: The Good Old Days 14 Some Words to the Wise: A Few Tips on How to Learn from This Text 15 Summary 18 Terms and Concepts to Remember Questions 18 Applications 19 Notes 22 Box Notes 22 Perception Than Meets the Eye 18 Chapter 2 A Look at Human Perception: There's More to 24 The Importance of Seeing What's Really There 27 A Box of Interest: Not Always as They Appear! 29 Facts Versus Inferences 30 The Determinants of Perception 34 A Few Fallacies 37 A Box of Interest: Can This Story Really Be True? 38 The Seven-Step System--A Logical Approach to Problem Solving 41 Out on a Limb with Decision Trees 42 Pitfalls to Effective Decision Making 45 Creativity and the Individual 46 Summary 47 Terms and Concepts to Remember 48 Questions 49 Applications 49 Notes 53 Box Notes 54 Experiential Exercise 54 Chapter 3 The Need for Communication Skills: There's More to Communication Than Meets the Ear 56 The Nature of Communication 58 What Are Words Really Like? 60 Types of Communication 62 Silence Isn't Always Golden--Nonverbal Forms of Communication 67 69 A Box of Interest: All a Woman Needs Is a Glance? What's the Meaning of This?--The Barriers to Effective Communication 71 The Importance of Listening A Box of Interest: Breaking Through the Gate 75 Developing Listening Skills 77 How to Break Down Communication Barriers 79 Summary 87 Terms and Concepts to Remember Questions 88 Applications 89 Notes 93 Box Notes 94 Experiential Exercise 95 Than. . . 96 87 Chapter 4 The Dynamics of Small Groups: The Whole Is Greater Here a Group, There a Group, Everywhere a GroupGroup 98 A Box of Interest: Synergism--Results Greater Than Inputs 101 The Nature of Formal and Informal Groups 101 The Behavior of Groups 103 Informal Groups and the Grapevine 106 A Box of Interest: Spread the Word: Gossip Is Good 110 Group Problem Solving and Decision Making 111 A Box of Interest: Groups Have Their Critics! 114 Really Small Groups--The Interview 119 Summary 124 Terms and Concepts to Remember 124 Applications 125 Notes 132 Box Notes 133 Experiential Exercise 133 Part Two Leaders Need People 135 136 Chapter 5 The Structure of Organizations: We Have Got to Get Why Organize? 138 A Box of Interest: Musical Desks--but Not Chairs--at IBM Japan 140 Contingency Organizational Design 141 Formal Organizational Authority Relationships 143 Putting It Together by Departments, 151 Some Principal Principles of Organizing 155 A Box of Interest: How Many Managers Are Really Necessary? 159 Summary 161 Terms and Concepts to Remember 162 Organized Around Here! Questions 162 Applications 163 Notes 166 Box Notes 166 Experiential Exercise 167 170 Chapter 6 Human Needs and Motivation: Everybody Needs Something--What Motivates You? The Importance of Needs and Motivation 172 Can You Learn to Need Needs? 175 The Priority of Needs 178 The Maintenance of Motivation--Herzberg's MotivationMaintenance Model181 186 A Box of Interest: Recognize Anyone Excellent? The Process of Motivation 187 Behavior Modification Through Reinforcement Techniques 187 Are You Expecting?--Let's Hear It for Vroom 191 A Box of Interest: You Gotta Earn Your Bennies! 192 The Relationship Between Equity and Motivation 193 Summary 194 Terms and Concepts to Remember 195 Questions 195 Applications 196 Notes 201 Box Notes 201 Experiential Exercise 202 Chapter 7 Morale and the Quality of Work Life: Does Anybody Really Care? 204 Morale in Organizations 206 What Are the Factors That Affect Morale? 208 Warning Signs of Low Morale 211 Evaluating Morale 213 Greater Concerns Over the Quality of Work Life 216 What Influences the Quality of Work Life? 217 Improving the Quality of Work Life218 A Box of Interest: Core Dimensions at Volvo 220 A Box of Interest: A New Standard for Family Benefit Packages? 224 Theory Z from A to J 227 Innovative Ways to Work 228 Summary 235 Terms and Concepts to Remember Questions 236 Applications 237 Notes 239 Box Notes 240 Experiential Exercise 240 235 Chapter 8 Techniques of Leadership: Okay, People, Follow Me ... The Functions and Characteristics of Leadership A Box of Interest: Are These the Keys to Business Leadership? 248 Leadership Attitudes 249 The Pygmalion Effect 254 Styles of Leadership 256 A Box of Interest: Participative Leadership on the Rise 259 Leadership as a Skill 266 Development of Leadership Skills 267 The Need for a Supportive Organizational Culture Summary 271 Terms and Concepts to Remember 272 Questions 273 Applications 274 Notes 276 Box Notes 276 Experiential Exercise 277 Part Three Constraints on Organizational Performance Without Change 280 I Said Follow Me! Aw, Come On, Please Follow Me 242 244 271 279 Chapter 9 The Dynamics of Change: There's No Progress The Effects of Change 282 The Tendency to Resist Change 283 A Box of Interest: Are Employees Willing to Change When They Feel Secure? 287 The Effective Introduction of Change 290 A Box Interest: Even a Boiling Kettle Couldn't "Unfreeze" This Little Bear 292 The Use of Organization Development (OD) to Effect Change 295 People and Productivity--The Managerial Grid 297 The Use of MBO to Effect Change 297 Summary 300 Terms and Concepts to Remember 300 Questions 300 Applications 301 Notes 307 Box Notes 307 Experiential Exercise 308 Chapter 10 Minorities and Women in Organizations: Aren't You People Ever Going to Be Satisfied? 310 The Nature of Prejudice and Discrimination 313 A Box of Interest: Bigger Top to Bottom? Good! Bigger Side to Side? Watch Out! 317 The Need for Objectivity and Sensitivity by Supervisors 320 Legal Discrimination in Exceptional Cases 321 Reverse Discrimination--Okay or Not? 322 A Woman's Place ... Has Changed 325 A Box of Interest: Day Care for Grandpa and Junior Affects the 'Sandwich" Generation 329 Problems of Women and Ethnic Minority Managers 334 Summary 338 Terms and Concepts to Remember 339 Questions 340 Applications 341 Notes 346 Box Notes 348 Experiential Exercises 349 Chapter 11 Organizational Challenges Faced by Older Workers and Those with Disabilities: Hire Them ... It's Good Business 352 Employment Problems of the Aging 354 Attitudes Toward Older Workers 357 A Box of Interest:.Short on Help? Hire a Senior! Assisting the Older Worker 359 Problems of Persons with Disabilities 364 358 Common Attitudes Toward the Physically and Intellectually Challenged 367 A Special Problem--Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) 369 Advantages of Hiring Persons with Disabilities 371 A Box of Interest: Hire a Person with a Disability! 372 Managing Individuals with Disabilities 373 A Social Responsibility 376 Summary 376 Terms and Concepts to Remember 377 Questions 378 Applications 378 Notes 380 Box Notes 382 Experiential Exercise 382 Chapter 12 Problems of Substance Abuse: The "High" Life in The Extent of the Alcohol Problem 386 The Prevalence of Drug Abuse 390 A Box of Interest: Are Drugs Really a Problem? 391 Organizational Approaches to Alcohol and Drug Abuse 396 The Establishment of Company Programs 397 Supervisory Responsibilities 400 A Box of Interest: So You Want a Government Contract or Grant? Then You'd Better Clean It Up! 403 Supervisory Guidelines 404 Recognizing Symptoms 404 Summary 408 Terms and Concepts to Remember 408 Questions 409 Applications 410 Notes 413 Box Notes 415 Experiential Exercise 416 Part Four Organizational Health, Globalization, and the Future Kills! 420 Organizations 384 419 Chapter 13 Developing and Maintaining a Less Stressful Life: Stress The Nature of Stress 42 Frustration - A Response to Stress 425 Reactions to Frustration 426 Burnout--The Disease of High Achievers 434 The Need to Manage Stress with Faith 436 Managing Career-Related Stress 438 Don't Bite the Hand That Needs You--Managing Stress Off the Job 446 A Box of Interest: A Weighty Problem? 449 A Box of Interest: Employees Are Becoming Smoking Mad! 453 Causing Associates to Become Stressed 456 Happiness and Success Are ... ? 457 Summary 459 Terms and Concepts to Remember 459 Questions 460 Applications 461 Notes 464 Box Notes 465 Experiential Exercises 466 Chapter 14 The Challenges Facing Individuals in Organizations: Without Individuals, Where Would We Be? 468 To Be or Not to Be?--The Question of Conformity 470 Leaders as Disciplinarians 479 Problems with One's Self 484 A Box of Interest: Oh, Oh! Where Might This Lead? 488 Have You Ever Considered Going into Politics? 489 492 A Box of Interest: Blow, Gabriel, Blow! Summary 494 Terms and Concepts to Remember 495 Questions 495 Applications 496 Notes 501 Box Notes 501 Experiential Exercise 502 Chapter 15 Organizational Ethics and Responsibilities Toward Society: It All Relates to the Bottom Line 504 Have Standards of Business Ethics Declined? A Box of Interest: Should Snooping on Competititors Be Considered an Act of Intelligence? 510 507 Two Philosophies: Profit Quest Versus Social Accountability 513 A Box of Interest: If They Weren't Worth It, They Wouldn't Be Getting It, Would They? Or Would They? 515 Areas of Social Responsibility 515 Guide to Social Action 520 Summary 523 Terms and Concepts to Remember 524 Questions 524 Application 525 Notes 527 Box Notes 529 Experiential Exercise 530 Chapter 16 Crossing Cultural Boundaries: The Trend Toward Globalization 532 Opportunities and Challenges on a Global Basis 534 Organizational Cultures in a Global Environment 537 A Box of Interest: American Football Didn't Make a Touchdown on Its First Attempt 542 Easing the Transition for Innocents Abroad 544 Repatriation--Returning Home 546 A Box of Interest: Is the Business Practice of Rationalizing a Form of Rationalizing? 547 Summary 548 Terms and Concepts to Remember 548 Questions 548 Applications 549 Notes 553 Box Notes 554 Experiential Exercise 555 Chapter 17 A Prognosis: Paths to the Future 558 A Crystal-Ball Approach 561 The Changing Nature of Work 562 A Box of Interest: Is This Job Ever a Pain! 565 The Changing Nature of the Work Force 565 The Changing Nature of Management 570 A Box of Interest: Semper Fideles? Not a Chance The Changing of Corporate Ownership 576 The Ever-Changing Role of Government 579 Summary 581 573 Terms and Concepts to Remember Questions 582 Applications 583 Notes 585 Box Notes 588 Experiential Exercise 588 Glossary Credits Index G-1 C-1 I-1 582