INSEAD Library

CD available inside back cover

Includes bibliographical references and index and glossary

Digitized

The Story of Human Development Contents Preface About the Authors xi 1 Summary TEXT BOXES DON'T BE FOOLED! How Media Reports Misrepresent Research: A Lesson from the Breast·Feeding Controversy INNOVATIONS Brain Science: The New Frontier 42 15 37 Chapter 1 Introduction to Human Development Stories of Our Lives / Reminiscences 3 Chapter 2 Heredity and Environment Stories of Our Lives / Seeing Double 45 WHAT IS THE FIELD OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT? The Historical Backdrop The Field of Human Development Today 4 5 7 WHAT IS A HUMAN BEING? THE GENETIC BLUEPRINT Mendel's Discovery The Genetic Code Some Patterns of Hereditary Transmission The Human Genome 47 48 48 51 53 55 RESEARCH METHODS Collecting Information Designing Research The Professional Responsibilities of Human Development Researchers 10 10 12 18 HOW GENES AND THE ENVIRONMENT INTERACT Lessons from Twin and Adoption Studies Gene--Environment Relationships How Genes and the Environment Build a Brain 56 56 58 63 THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES The Psychodynamic Perspective The Learning Perspective The Evolutionary Perspective The Cognitive Perspective The Contextual Perspective Thinking about Theoretical Perspectives 20 21 24 27 30 33 36 GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL DIVERSITY Two Ways of Thinking about Genetic Diversity The Cultural Landscape 66 66 68 FOUR PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Principle #1: Development Is the Joint Product of Nature and Nurture Principle #2: Physical, Cognitive, and Socioemotional Development Are Interrelated Principle #3: Developmental Outcomes Change over Time and Contexts Principle #4: Development Is Characterized by Continuity and Discontinuity 38 39 39 40 40 MEASURING GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON BEHAVIOR Heritability Why Are Siblings So Different? Summary TEXT BOXES SOLUTIONS Parental Investment and Gender DON'T BE FOOLED! Eugenics and the Shame of Pellagra 74 75 78 82 73 80 Chapter 3 Prenatal Development and Birth Stories of Our Lives / The Miracle of Birth Chapter 4 Profile of the First Three Years Stories of Our Lives / The Silent Victims of AIDS 85 127 THE NEWBORN STARTING A NEW LIFE Fertilization Prenatal Development Brain Development Becoming Male or Female Sharing a Womb 129 129 129 131 132 87 88 89 93 94 95 Initial Appearance Early Evaluations Falling in Love with a Newborn Talents and Limitations PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT Body Growth Motor Control Perceptual Development Brain Development and Early Milestones 136 137 137 139 141 PROBLEMS DURING PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT Genetic and Chromosomal Abnormalities Genetic Counseling Environmental Risks Prenatal Care 96 97 100 100 106 COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Piaget's Theory Information Processing Language Development Social Interaction and Cognitive Development 143 143 148 151 154 BIRTHING Stages of Childbirth Birthing in Industrialized Countries Birthing in Developing Countries 111 111 112 114 EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Early Emotional Expression Early Social Interactions "I Do MySELF!" Attachment: Balancing Intimacy and Autonomy Summary 156 156 157 158 159 166 168 FRAGILE NEWBORNS Prematurity and Low Birth Weight Prematurity and Public Policy 116 116 118 REVISITING DEVELOPMENTAL PRINCIPLES: WHAT IS THE LONG-TERM IM PACT OF EARLY BIOLOGICAL TRAUMA? 121 Developmental Principles and Early Risk Thinking Realistically about Risk Summary TEXT BOXES INNOVATIONS Repairing Mother Nature DON'T BE FOOLED! Those Slippery Risk Statistics 122 123 124 109 119 Connecting Summary TEXT BOX SOLUTIONS What Babies Need: Studies of Orphanage-Reared Infants 163 Chapter 5 Pathways through the First Three Years Stories of Our Lives / The Quest for a Better Baby 171 BRINGING UP BABY Feeding Crying and Sleeping Preventing Medical Problems 173 174 177 184 Growth Motor Control Brain Development 215 216 218 PERCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT Vision Hearing When Information Conflicts Perceptual Learning 220 220 220 221 221 RAISING THE TODDLER AND YOUNG CHILD Life with a Young Child Effective Teaching Strategies Spanking Fathers and Tots Early Day Care 188 188 188 189 190 191 COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Piaget's Theory of Preoperational Thought Information Processing Language Development Putting It All Together: Self-Regulation 224 224 227 234 236 INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES Our Gendered Selves Early Personalities Evaluating a Child's Development 194 194 196 199 EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 239 239 241 244 246 Children's Emotional Worlds Concepts of Themselves and Other People Moral Development Social Relationships ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES AND EARLY DEVELOPMENT Poverty Child Maltreatment Programs for Families and Children 202 202 204 206 REVISITING DEVELOPMENTAL PRINCIPLES: ARE THE FIRST YEARS OF LIFE THE MOST IMPORTANT YEARS? 208 The New Infant Determinism Developmental Principles Revisited: Are the First Years of Life the Most Important Years? Summary TEXT BOXES DON'T BE FOOLED! When Short·Term Solutions Lead to Long·Term Problems SOLUTIONS What Babies Want 178 182 209 210 208 UNDERSTANDING PRESCHOOLERS Summary Connecting Summary TEXT BOX SOLUTIONS Racism in the Private Spaces of Children 249 252 254 243 Chapter 7 Pathways through Early Childhood Stories of Our Lives / A Good Heart 257 Chapter 6 Profile of Early Childhood Stories of Our Lives / Dangerous Misunderstandings 213 CREATING SAFE AND HEALTHY ENVIRONMENTS Unintentional Injuries Environmental Pollution Nutrition and Health 259 259 261 264 TAKING CHARGE OF THEIR BODIES 215 DIFFERENT CHILDREN-DIFFERENT PROBLEMS Toileting Sleepless Nights Sexual Curiosity Developmental Psychopathology Perceiving the World 306 307 266 266 267 268 269 Brain Development COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Piaget's Theory of Middle Childhood Information Processing Language Development Cognitive Development and Education 311 311 315 319 321 BOY-LAND, GIRL-LAND Learning about Gender Sex Differences Explanations of Gender Typing 274 274 275 276 EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Children's Emotional Lives Learning about Themselves Moral Development Peers and Play 324 324 328 331 333 CHILDREN ACROSS CULTURES AND FAMILY CONTEXTS Culture and Children's Behavior A Lesson from Boston Kindergarteners Parenting Styles and Children's Behavior Improving Interactions between Parents and Young Children 279 279 280 281 BECKY'S STORY Summary Connecting Summary TEXT BOXES SOLUTIONS Praising Children: Is Mississippi Almost the Capital of Spain? INNOVATIONS Bullying: The Dark Side of Peer Relations 341 342 344 283 330 339 PRESCHOOL EXPERIENCES Preschool Curricula Early Childhood Intervention Programs Starting Kindergarten 287 287 292 293 Chapter 9 Pathways through Middle and Late Childhood Stories of Our Lives / The Lost Boys of Sudan 347 REVISITING DEVELOPMENTAL PRINCIPLES: WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF GROWING UP WITH TELEVISION? 294 Summary TEXT BOXES SOLUTIONS Snap, Crackle, Pop: The Allure of Fire DON'T BE FOOLED! Raise Your Glass to Our Different (and Difficult) Children 272 297 260 HEALTH AND SAFETY Preventing Injuries Asthma Weight Control Maltreatment 349 349 351 352 353 FAMILY LIFE 357 357 359 363 364 Chapter 8Profile of Middle and Late Childhood Stories of Our Lives / Becoming Clever 301 Children's Households Children of Divorce Living with Gay and Lesbian Parents Adopted Children PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT Growth and Movement Skills 303 303 CHILDREN, SCHOOLS, AND ACHIEVEMENT Culture and Achievement 366 366 Class Size Teaching Methods Educating Children with Disabilities English-Language Learners Gifted and Talented Children 368 369 371 372 373 WORKING WITH ADOLESCENTS Summary Connecting Summary TEXT BOXES SOLUTIONS Sleepy Teens: Shouldn't They Just Go to Bed Earlier? INNOVATIONS A Law Divided 425 428 430 INDIVIDUALITY Measuring Cognitive Ability At-Risk Children Boys and Girls 375 375 379 381 401 409 Chapter 11 Pathways through Adolescence Stories of Our Lives / The Power of Books 433 REVISITING DEVELOPMENTAL PRINCIPLES: DO PARENTS MATTER? 384 Summary TEXT BOXES SOLUTIONS Growing Up Scared DON'T BE FOOLED! The Problem with Pop-Ups 354 370 386 COMMUNITIES, SCHOOLS, AND FAMILIES Coming of Age around the World What Matters for Success Schools Adolescents and Their Families 435 435 436 437 440 Chapter 10 Profile of Adolescence Stories of Our Lives / An Extreme Teen 389 LEISURE AND WORK A Global Look at How Teens Spend Time Interactive Media--Games and the Internet TV: It's Not All Bad Earning Money 444 444 446 447 447 THE WONDER OF PUBERTY Hormones: The Puberty "Directors" Adjusting to Puberty Physical Performance The Teenage Brain 390 391 396 398 398 RISKY CHOICES Teenage Drivers Substance Use Sexual Behavior Delinquency Eating Disorders Suicide 449 449 450 452 461 464 466 COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Piaget's Theory of Adolescent Thought Dual Processing: Two Ways People Reason Information Processing 403 403 406 410 GENDER DIFFERENCES AROUND THE WORLD Boys and Girls in Traditional Cultures Gender in the Industrialized World 468 468 469 EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Emotions, Self, and the World Identity Development Relationships Moral Development 412 412 414 417 421 REVISITING DEVELOPMENTAL PRINCIPLES: HOW DO YOU BUILD A RESILIENT TEEN? 470 Summary TEXT BOXES SOLUTIONS Teenage Moms Grown Up DON'T BE FOOLED! Explain Backward, Predict Forward 463 472 458 Chapter 12 Profile of Early to Middle Adulthood Stories of Our Lives / Boarding the Flight to Adulthood 475 Education and Health Stress and Health Well-Being in Adulthood 523 524 525 EARNING A LIVING The Changing Workforce Building a Career Diversity in the Workplace 527 527 528 530 OUR BODIES FROM 20 TO 50 Growth, Strength, and Appearance Basic Physical Functions Sexual Function and Reproduction Brain Development How Important Is Age? 477 477 479 481 486 486 RELATIONSHIPS The Feelings That Bind Us Together Marriage Living Single Sexuality Parenting Other Special Adult Relationships 532 535 536 539 540 544 545 EXPANDING MINDS Is There Room to Grow? Two Views of Adult Cognition Building Everyday Intelligence Isolating Mental Abilities The Total Picture: Elaine's Story 488 488 490 492 493 496 INDIVIDUALITY Personality Intelligence 547 547 549 553 554 EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Ways of Viewing Adulthood Knowing Ourselves: Identity in Adulthood Relationships Moral Growth and Spirituality 497 497 503 507 509 Outstanding Accomplishments Boy-land, Girl-land Grown Up REVISITING DEVELOPMENTAL PRINCIPLES: IS EVERY PHASE A LIFE CRISIS? 556 Summary TEXT BOXES INNOVATIONS The Colors of Love DON'T BE FOOLED! Male and Female Sexualities: Why Small Differences Sometimes Seem Large SOLUTIONS Beliefs That Make 541 532 557 THE END OF ELAINE'S STORY Summary Connecting Summary TEXT BOXES INNOVATIONS Beating the Odds: Making Babies in a High-Tech World DON'T BE FOOLED! The Psychology of Regret 513 514 516 484 501 Smart People Dumb 552 Chapter 13 Pathways through Early to Middle Adulthood Stories of Our Lives / A Boat and a Dream 519 Chapter 14 Profile of Middle to Late Adulthood Stories of Our Lives / How Old Is Old? 561 HEALTH AND WELL-BEING Behavior and Health 521 521 THE MYSTERY OF AGING Life Span and Life Expectancy Why We Age Extending Life 563 563 566 568 PHYSICAL AGING AFTER 50 What Over 50 Looks Like Age-Related Changes in Sensory Systems Changes in Organ Systems and Health The Aging Brain 569 570 571 574 578 FAMILY LIFE AFTER 50 Marriage and Divorce Losing a Spouse Sexuality in Later Life Relations among the Generations Caregiving 624 624 626 626 630 632 THE AGING MIND What Fades? Theories of Cognitive Decline Maximizing and Compensating Everyday Intelligence, Wisdom, and Creativity Aging or Dementia? 580 581 587 589 590 592 WORK AND RETIREMENT Work Satisfaction and Performance Developing Skills Age Bias and Discrimination Retirement 634 634 635 637 638 EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Emotions in Later Life Erik Erikson on Aging Connecting and Pulling Away Meaning and Spirituality in Later Life INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES ACROSS TIME 593 593 595 596 597 Personality Men and Women Growing Old 640 640 641 REVISITING DEVELOPMENTAL PRINCIPLES: DO CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES INFLUENCE OLD AGE? Summary TEXT BOXES SOLUTIONS Aging behind the Wheel INNOVATIONS Is the Fountain of Youth Filled with Hormones? SOLUTIONS Aging and Technology: Surfing Seniors 643 646 618 AGING-FRIENDLY SPACES Summary Connecting Summary TEXT BOXES DON'T BE FOOLED! If You're Older, You're Better! 599 601 604 565 628 636 INNOVATIONS The 150-Year-Old Man (and Woman) 576 Epilogue: The EnD of Life Chapter 15 Pathways through Middle to Late Adulthood Stories of Our Lives / Aging Gracefully 607 Stories of Our Lives / A Daughter's Love 649 EARLY LEARNING ABOUT DEATH Young Children's Ideas about Death How Older Children and Adolescents Understand Death 650 651 651 LIVING WITH AN AGING BODY Physical Challenges after 50 Dementia Living in a Senior World The Oldest Old Protecting Your Health 609 609 612 616 620 621 DEATH AND DYING Defining Death End-of-Life-Care Terminally Ill Children Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide Making Decisions about the End of Life 654 654 655 658 658 660 COPING WITH DEATH Facing Death Funerals and Remembrance Rituals around the World Bereavement and Grief Summary TEXT BOX SOLUTIONS Death in the Media: Helping Children Cope 662 662 663 665 670 Glossary References Credits Name Index G-1 R-1 C-1 NI-1 SI-1 652 Subject Index