INSEAD Library

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Babies and Bosses Reconciling Work and Family Life Table of Contents Chapter 1. Reconciling Work and Family Life in OECD Countries: Main Findings and Policy Recommendations........................... 1.1. Introduction............................................................................... 1.2. Policy objectives ............................................................................ 1.3. Key family and work outcomes across OECD countries ............ 1.4. The overall policy response.......................................................... 11 12 12 15 17 Notes ....................................................................................................... 26 Chapter 2. The Demographic and Family Environment........................... 27 2.1. How have family structures changed?........................................ 28 2.2. Changing patterns of family formation....................................... 29 2.3. Changing fertility behaviour....................................................... 31 Notes ....................................................................................................... 39 Chapter 3. Parents in Employment - Achievements and Challenges . .. 41 3.1. Key labour market achievements............................................... 42 3.2. Remaining challenges ................................................................. 49 3.3. Conclusions................................................................................ 66 Notes ....................................................................................................... 68 Chapter 4. Tax and Benefit Systems and the Work Choices by Parents ........................................................................................................................... 69 4.1. Concise overview of the scope and nature of tax/benefit systems and support for families.............................................................. 4.2. Financial incentives to work for couple families without childcare costs .............................................................. 4.3. Policies to help sole parents to combine work and care commitments .............................................................. 4.4. Conclusions................................................................................ 70 77 86 98 Notes ....................................................................................................... 100 Chapter 5. Parental Leave to Care for Children......................................... 103 5.1. Parental leave policies are very different from one country to another.................................................................................. 104 5.2. Objectives and effects of leave policies ........................................ 108 5.3. Conclusions ............................................................................. 118 Notes ..................................................................................................... 119 Annex 5.A1. Key Characteristics of Parental Leave Support............ 121 Chapter 6. Formal Child and Out-of-School-Hours Care Support.......... 127 6.1. Past policy trends and current policy objectives ...................... 128 6.2. Diversity in childcare and early years services.......................... 132 6.3. Public spending and participation in childcare and pre-primary education....................................................... 134 6.4. Conclusions ............................................................................. 159 Notes ..................................................................................................... 160 Annex 6.A1. Qualifications of Childcare and Pre-school Staff.......... 162 Chapter 7. Family-friendly Workplace Practices ..................................... 169 7.1. Time at work............................................................................... 171 7.2. Flexible workplace practices ...................................................... 181 7.3. The business case for family-friendly workplaces...................... 185 7.4. Conclusions ............................................................................. 190 Notes ..................................................................................................... 192 Annex 7.A1. Some Quantitative Information on Work/Life Conflict Levels and Workplace Flexibility ..................................... 194 Annex 7.A2. Selected National Information on the Prevalence of Employer-provided Workplace Support...................... 197 Bibliography............................................................................................... 201