INSEAD Library

Includes bibliographical references and index

Digitized

Clusters, networks and innovation contents Acknowledgements Notes on Contrrhtors List of Figures List of Tables Clusters, Networks, and Innovation: Research Results and New Directions St~ano Breschi and Franco Mahba 1.I Clusters and Innovation: The Main Conceptual Traditions 1.2 The Main Themes: A Guide to This Volume 1.3 Some Broad Lessons and New Research Directions on Clusters, Networks, and Innovation References a Part I 2. Network models of innovation and knowledge diffusion Robin Cowan Introduction 2.1 Knowledge Distribution 2.2 Behind the Current Interest in Networks 2.3 The Economics of Networks 2.4 Small Worlds and Innovation 2.5 Network Formation 2.6 Conclusions Notes References 3. On Sectoral Specificities in the Geography of Corporate Location Giulo B o t t a e ; Giovanni Dosi and Giotgio Fagioh 3.1 Introduction 3.2 The Interactions Between Geographcal and Industrial Characteristics as Drivers of Agglomeration and Dispersion: The General Picture 3.3 The Model 3.4 Agglomeration Economies and Industrial Sectors: An Application to Italian Data 3.5 Conclusions Acknowledgements Notes Vi ii CONTENTS References Appendtces 4. Regional Knowledge Capabhties and Open Innovation: Regonal Innovation Systems and Clusters in the Asymmetric Knowledge E c o n o m ~ PhiI. Cooke 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Lineaments of Regional Systems - Thinking about Innovation 4.3 The Conceptual System and the Real system 4.4 Regonal knowledge Capabilities, Asymmetric Knowledge and Open Innovation: New Challenges for Regonal Innovation Systems and Clusters 4.5 Problems with Public Regional Innovation Systems 4.6 Conclusions Notes I References Part I1 5. 'Old Economy' Inputs for 'New Economy' Outcomes: Cluster Formation in the New Silicon Vallevs Timoth_rBnsnahan, Alfonso Gambardeh and AnnuLee Srucenian 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Agglomeration Economies and External Effects 5.3 Starting a Cluster 5.4 No 'Recipes' but Some Deep Regularities 5.5 Co-operation vs. Competition among Clusters in the World Economy 5.6 Policy Issues and Conclusions Acknowledgements Notes References 6. The Entrepreneurial Event Revisited: Firm Formation in a Regional Context Matyam P. Feuman 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Entrepreneurial Environments 6.3 Entrepreneurship Comes to Washngton: An Interpretative History 6.4 Supportive Conditions Follow 6.5 Reflective Conclusions and Appreciative Theorizing Acknowledgements CONTENTS Notes References 7. The Firms That Feed Industrial Districts: A Return to The Italian Source Mark H. Ldqer~onand Gianni Lorenqoni 7.1 Introduction 7.2 What is an Industrial District! 7.3 Origins of Industrial Districts 7.4 Small Firms 7.5 The Boundaries of the District 7.6 The Culmal Homogeneity of the District 7.7 Community and Co-operation 7.8 Local and Distant Networks 7.9 Confronting Crisis in an Iindustrial District: The Case of Prato 7.10 Governance Mechanisms 7.11 Discussion Notes References 8. Employee Start-ups in High-Tech Industries Steven ripper 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Theoretical Perspectives 8.3 The Evidence 8.4 Interpretations and Implications 8.5 Conclusion Acknowledgements Notes References Part I11 9. The Silicon Valley-Hsinchu Connection: Technical Communities and Industrial Upgrading AnnaLee Smenian andjinn-Yub Hsu 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Technical Communities and Industrial Decentralization 9.3 The Construction of a Taiwanese Technical Community in Silicon Valle~ 9.4 Institutionalizing the Silicon Valley-Hsinchu Connection 9.5 Cross-Regional Collaborations and Industrial Upgrading 9.6 Concluchng Comments Acknowledgement X CONTENTS Notes References ,jppenandx. The Silicon Valley-Hsinchu Technical Community 10. The Institutional Embeddedness of High-Tech Regions: Relational Foundations of the Boston Biotechnology Community Kel@ Porter, @ersten Bunker Wittington and Walter Powell 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Tracing Technology Networks 10.3 Visualrzations of the Networks 10.4 Comparisons Across Networks 10.5 Implications for High-Tech Regions Notes References Appendm I: Abbreviations of Names in Network Images 11. Social Networks and the Persistence of Clusters: Evidence from the Computer Workstation Industry Ofav Soren~on 1 11.I Social Networks and Industrial Geography 11.2 Computer Workstation Manufacturers 11.3 Discussion References Part IV 12. Buzz: Face-to-Face Contact and the Urban Economy Micbael Storper and Antboy j Venables . 12.1 Face-to-Face Contact Remains Important 12.2 The Specific Properties of Face-to-Face Contact 12.3 Why People Engage in F2F contact: Two Models 12.4 F2F, Buzz, and the Co-ordmation of Economic Activities 12.5 The Future of F2F Contact and Co-location Acknowledgements Notes References Appendix 12.1 Appendix 12.2 13. The Geography of Knowledge Spdlovers: Conceptual Issues and Measurement Problems Stefano Bre~cbi, France~co Iissoni and Fabio Montobb20 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Knowledge Spdlovers: Logical Shortcomings and Empirical Traps 256 257 259 CONTENTS Xi 355 360 366 367 37 1 13.3 Tacitness Reconsidered: How Knowledge may Flow, and yet not Spdl Over 13.4 Direct Measurement of Knowledge Flows 13.5 Conclusions Notes References 14. Comparative Localization of Academic and Industrial Spillovers James D. A a s dm 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Review of the Localization Literature 14.3 Description of the Data 14.4 Descriptive Findngs on Localization 14.5 Localized Learning and Innovation 14.6 Discussion and Conclusion Acknowledgements Notes References I Part V 15. Towards a Knowledge-Based Theory of the Geographical Cluster Peter Mmkell 15.1 Introduction 15.2 The Existence of the Cluster 15.3 The Horizontal Dimension of the Cluster 15.4 The Vertical Dimension of the Cluster 15.5 The Boundades of the Cluster 15.6 Public Policy Options 15.7 Final Comments Notes References 16. Deconstructing Clusters: Chaotic Concept or Policy Panacea? Ron Martin and Peter Sunand 16.1 Introduction: Clusters and the Reassertion of Location 16.2 Why 'Clusters'? 16.3 A Chaotic Concept? 16.4 What Sort of Theory for What Sort of Cluster? 16.5 Selective Empirics and the Cluster-Creation Game 16.6 Cluster Policy: Hard Targets or Fashion Labels? 16.7 Conclusions: The Cluster Brand? Acknowledgements References